The Battle for Vicksburg (1863) was a pivotal campaign in the American Civil War, centering on control of the Mississippi River. Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston aimed to reinforce the beleaguered forces of Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, who was trapped in Vicksburg by Union forces under Major General Ulysses S. Grant. Vicksburg was strategically significant for both sides, as its capture would sever the Confederacy and enable Union control of the Mississippi River. Grant laid siege

The Siege of Vicksburg, In the 1860s, Vicksburg, Mississippi, was strategically located along the Mississippi River (the river changed course in 1876). If the Union took the city, they would control the river, and Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas would be separated from the rest of the Confederacy. The citizens of Vicksburg first endured bombardment in 1862, but the major siege of the city occurred from May to July 1863. Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant commanded the forces besieging the city.

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