The Pahlavi monarchy ruled Iran from 1925 to 1979, marked by significant modernization efforts and centralization of power. Reza Shah Pahlavi’s reign (1925–1941) focused on infrastructure, education, and reducing foreign influence but faced criticism for authoritarian rule. His son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, continued modernization, implementing land reforms and promoting Western ties during the White Revolution. However, increasing political repression and economic disparity fueled public unrest.