As the days get shorter and the nectar dries up, it’s time to start thinking about supplemental feeding to make sure your bees have enough stores to survive the winter. Ray Civitts recommends starting with a 1:1 sugar-to-water ratio in early fall—this helps stimulate brood production and gives the bees time to build up their stores. But once the first frost hits, it’s time to switch gears. That’s when Ray moves to a heavier syrup, using either a 1.5:1 or 2:1 ratio. The thicker mix is easier for

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