Abstract: Sliding mode control is widely used to enhance the speed control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). However, the slow reaching onto the sliding surface and chatting ...

Abstract: Safety critical systems involve the tight coupling between potentially conflicting control objectives and safety constraints. As a means of creating a formal framework for controlling ...

What they are: A logarithm is the exponent you raise a base to in order to get a number, acting as the inverse of exponentiation. Why they matter: They simplify multiplication, division, and roots ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Eric's career includes extensive work in both public and corporate accounting with ...