The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

Valence Electron Examples: Valence electrons play an important role in the field of chemistry, affecting how atoms interact and bond with each other. These outermost electrons are responsible for ...

Chemistry textbooks explain how reactions start and end, but they rarely show what happens in between. Seeing these hidden moments matters because chemistry is ultimately governed by quantum rules. By ...

This motion drives many important physical, chemical and biological reactions in nature. Knowledge of such a motion in benzene molecules might open up new ways to probe and understand such reactions.

Time-resolved measurements of molecular dynamics have made substantial progress over the past years. In particular, electronic dynamics in atoms and molecules have become accessible through recent ...

We describe electricity as a flow, but that’s not what happens in a typical wire. Physicists have begun to induce electrons to act like fluids, an effort that could illuminate new ways of thinking ...

I first learned of this area of research as a graduate student in physical chemistry. My doctoral adviser's group had a project dedicated to studying chemical reactions with attosecond pulses. Before ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...