Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems. Trophic cascades occur when predators limit the density and/or behavior of their prey and thereby enhance ...

Try these interactive flashcards based on GCSE biology past papers. By working your way through the flashcards created by experts, you can prepare for your biology exams and make your revision more ...

A new paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has measured the “trophic level” of human beings for the first time. Falling between 1 and 5.5, trophic levels refer to where species fit ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The relationship between predator and prey body sizes is an important property of food webs with potential implications for community dynamics ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The importance to food-webs of trophic cul-de-sacs, species that channel energy flow away from higher trophic levels, is seldom considered ...