The Heisenberg uncertainty principle places severe constraints on the subatomic world. To illustrate, for particles called bosons, the principle dictates that bosons either condense to form a ...

Their dark matter target was a type of hypothetical particle called ultralight bosons, which, as the name suggests, have an extremely small mass – less than a billionth the mass of an electron. If ...

The weak nuclear force doesn't play by the normal rules — and, in fact, it breaks one of the biggest rules of all.

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. There are only two types of fundamental particle known in the entire ...

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A new twist on a classic experiment could show that pairs of electrons behave as bosons, despite the fact that single electrons are fermions. Peter Samuelsson and Markus Büttiker of the University of ...

When a one-dimensional gas of strongly interacting bosons expands, the velocity distribution of the bosons transforms into one that is identical to non-interacting fermions. Bosons and fermions, the ...

As the carriers of the weak force, the W and Z bosons are central to the Standard Model of particle physics. Though ...

Today at CERN, the Large Hadron Collider collaborations ATLAS and CMS jointly announced the discovery of the Higgs boson transforming into bottom quarks as it decays. This is predicted to be the most ...

Two known black holes are spinning too quickly to have ever been impacted by the hypothetical particle known as ultralight bosons, proving that, between two certain masses, the particles don’t exist, ...

Something is seriously wrong with gravity, and nobody's quite sure why. The problem is that gravity is too weak. Out of the four fundamental physical forces in the universe—gravity, electromagnetism, ...