Energy transduction underpins fundamental cellular processes, converting chemical energy stored in gradients into the mechanical and chemical work essential for life. Central to this conversion is the ...

The prevalence of kidney disease has been increasing in Japan, with it now affecting one in eight adults, but developing effective treatment remains a challenge. The kidneys are among the most ...

Biomanufacturing depends on microbial platforms. For efficiency’s sake, these single-celled production engines must maximize output while minimizing inputs, including energy inputs, which ultimately ...

Thiamine triphosphate puts the brake on the activation state of chloroplast ATP synthase. Metabolic effectors are critical in orchestrating biological processes. B vitamin-derived ...

Researchers have long believed that neurons rely on glucose nearly entirely for fuel. The brain’s enormous energy ...