Trump set rates including a 35% duty on many goods from Canada, 50% for Brazil, 25% for India, 20% for Taiwan and 39% for Switzerland, according to a presidential executive order. The order listed higher import duty rates of 10% to 41% starting in seven days for 69 trading partners as the 12:01 a.m. EDT (0401 GMT) deadline approached.

Trump has justified tariffs on goods from Canada, the top U.S. export market, by accusing it of failing to stop the cross-border flow of fentanyl, even though U.S. government data shows Canada accounts for only 1% of the fentanyl that enters the United States.

President Trump aims to use a historic increase in tariffs, which he announced on July 31, to overhaul global trading alliances.